As youth adjust to life in the United States, they may encounter new social environments, stressors, and cultural norms related to alcohol or drug use that differ from those in their home countries. Experiences such as past trauma, acculturation stress, social isolation, discrimination, or difficulty coping with emotional distress can increase vulnerability to substance use for some young people. Substance use is often connected to broader challenges such as stress, mental health concerns, or peer pressure, and youth may be reluctant to talk about it due to stigma or fear of consequences. By learning more about substance use and how it may affect refugee youth, providers can help reduce stigma, support prevention efforts, and guide youth and families toward appropriate education, support, or treatment when needed.